Bohr model of Magnesium atom - How to draw Magnesium(Mg) Bohr-Rutherford diagram?

 Bohr model describes the visual representation of orbiting electrons around the small nucleus. It used different electron shells such as K, L, M, N…so on. These shells hold a specific number of electrons, the electron shell which is closest to the nucleus has less energy and the electron shell which is farthest from the nucleus has more energy.

Bohr diagram is very interesting and easy to draw. Here, we will draw the Bohr diagram of the Magnesium atom with some simple steps.

Steps to draw the Bohr Model of Magnesium atom

1. Find the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in the Magnesium atom

Protons are the positively charged particles and neutrons are the uncharged particles, both these are constituents of the atom nuclei. Electrons are the negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom

To find the number of protons an atom contains, just look at its atomic number.

If the atomic number of atom is 18, then proton will also be 18, if atomic number is 19, then proton will also be 19.

So, the atomic number for Magnesium is 12, hence, the number of protons in the Magnesium atom is also 12.

Now, to determine the number of neutrons in an atom, use this formula.

⇒ Number of neutrons in atom = Atomic mass of the atom(rounded to the nearest whole number) – Number of proton in an atom

For example, An atom have 21.99 atomic mass and 8 protons.

Then, to find the number of neutron, round the atomic mass to the near whole number, so, atomic mass 21.99 round to 22.

= (22 – 8 protons) = 14 number of neutrons in the atom

Now, To get the number of neutrons in a Magnesium atom, look at its atomic mass which is 24.305 rounded to 24, and the number of protons in Magnesium is 12.

∴ Hence, the number of neutrons in Magnesium atom = (24 – 12) = 12

It should be noted that “The number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to the number of protons”.

So, the Magnesium atom is neutral, hence, its number of electrons will be equal to the number of protons which is 12 as we already discussed.

⇒ The number of electrons in a Magnesium atom = 12

⇒ The number of protons in Magnesium atom = 12

⇒ The number of neutrons in Magnesium atom = 12

Let’s read in detail – How to find number of protons, electrons, neutrons?

2. Draw the nucleus of an atom

A nucleus is a dense and small region that contains the number of protons and neutrons of an atom.

In this step, we have to draw a small circle that consists of a number of protons and the number of neutrons of a Magnesium atom.

3. Draw the First electron shell

“An electron shell may be thought of as an orbit followed by electrons around an atom’s nucleus.”

The first electron shell is also called the K-shell, this is the closest shell to the nucleus of an atom and can hold a maximum of two electrons.

As we know, the Magnesium atom has a total of 12 electrons. So, put two electrons from it, in the first shell, next to each other.

We have successfully drawn the first shell of the Magnesium atom that can hold 2 electrons. As a Magnesium atom has a total of 12 electrons, and from 12 electrons we have used two electrons in the first shell.

∴ (12 – 2) = 10 electrons 

Therefore, we are left with 10 electrons, let’s put them in the next shells of the Magnesium atom.

4. Draw the Second electron shell

The second shell also called the L-shell that can hold a maximum of 8 electrons. This shell is drawn after the first electron shell.

In the second electron shell, the electrons are added one at a time, starting from the top position and then going in a clockwise direction.

In second shell, electrons are added one at a time in clockwise direction as a clock position – 12 o’clock, 3 o’clock, 6 o’clock, 9 o’clock positions.

Once you place the electrons one at a time to each of the four sides(Top – Right – Bottom – Left], start pairing or doubling them.

So, we have 10 remaining electrons of a Magnesium atom, and the 2nd shell can only hold a maximum of 8 electrons.

Therefore, put the 8 electrons of the Magnesium atom in the 2nd electron shell, start from the top position, put electrons one at a time, and go in a clockwise direction(Top – Right – Bottom – Left). And, finally, pair them up.

As we have a total of 12 electrons for the Magnesium atom and we placed 2 electrons in the first shell and 8 electrons in the second shell, hence, we are left with 2 electrons more.

Let’s place it in the next shell.

5. Draw the Third electron shell

The third shell is also called the M-shell and it has the capacity to hold up to 18 electrons but, for the elements in the first few periods, the third shell only holds up to 8 electrons.

“The third shell can be considered to hold 8 or 18 electrons but in total the third shell can hold 18 electrons.”

For the first few elements, say, till atomic number 20 on the periodic table, the third shell holds up to 8 electrons.

⇒ For atomic number 20 or less than 20, the third shell can hold up to maximum of 8 electrons.

⇒ For the atomic number more than 20, say, atomic numbers 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27,…….etc., the third shell is filled with more than 8 electrons and up to maximum of 18 electrons.

For the magnesium atom, the third shell is filled with the same procedure as the second shell.

So, we have left with only 2 electrons of a Magnesium atom, so, start from the top position, put electrons one at a time, and go in a clockwise direction(Top – Right – Bottom – Left).

Bohr model of Magnesium atom

That’s all, this is our Bohr model of the Magnesium atom that contains 12 protons and 12 neutrons in the nucleus region, and 12 electrons are orbited around the nucleus, two electrons in the first shell, eight electrons in the second shell, and two electrons in the third shell.

Also Read:-

• Oxygen Bohr model
• Boron Bohr model
• Beryllium Bohr model
• Lithium Bohr model
• Helium Bohr model
• Nitrogen Bohr model
• Fluorine Bohr model
• Neon Bohr model
• Carbon Bohr model
• Sodium Bohr model
• Silicon Bohr model
• Phosphorus Bohr model
• Sulfur Bohr model
• Chlorine Bohr model
• Argon Bohr model
• Aluminum Bohr model
• Potassium Bohr model
• Calcium Bohr model
• Bromine Bohr model
• Silver Bohr model
• Arsenic Bohr model
• Gold Bohr model
• Krypton Bohr model
• Iodine Bohr model
• Copper Bohr model
• Iron Bohr model
• Uranium Bohr model
• Nickel Bohr model
• Scandium Bohr model
• Titanium Bohr model
• Vanadium Bohr model

Also check: Bohr model for each elements of Periodic table

Find the Valence electron of Magnesium through its Bohr diagram

Valence electrons are found in the outermost shell of an atom and they can take participate in the formation of a chemical bond. These electrons have more energy compare to the inner shell electrons.

From the Bohr diagram of an atom, we can easily find the number of valence electrons in an atom by looking at its outermost shell.

So, we have to find a valence electron in the Magnesium atom, for this, look at its Bohr diagram.

Bohr’s diagram of Magnesium has three electron shells (K, L, and M), the inner shell is the K-shell and the outermost shell is M-shell.

Hence, the electrons found in the M-shell of the Magnesium atom are its valence electrons because it is the outermost shell also called the valence shell.

The M-shell or outer shell of the Magnesium Bohr model contains only 2 electrons, therefore, the number of the valence electrons in the Magnesium atom is also 2.

Electron dot diagram of a Magnesium atom

The electron dot diagram also called the lewis structure which represents the valence electrons of atoms.

As, from the Bohr diagram of Magnesium, we got to know, it has only 2 valence electrons.

So, just represent the 2 valence electrons around the Magnesium atom as a dot.

The electron configuration of Magnesium

“Electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecule orbitals”

Magnesium has an atomic number of 12 and it contains a total number of 12 electrons. From the Bohr model of Magnesium, we know, that 2 electrons are in the K-shell, 8 electrons are in the L-shell, and 2 electrons are in the M-shell.

So, based on the shell, the electronic configuration of the Magnesium atom is [2, 8, 2].

Or the electronic configuration of Magnesium is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s² since it contains a total of 12 electrons, the first two-electron will go in the 1s orbital, the next two in the 2s orbital, the next six electrons in the 2p orbital, and the remaining two electron will go in 3s orbital.

S orbital can hold maximum of 2 electrons and P orbital can hold maximum of 6 electrons.

Also Read:-

• Magnesium orbital diagram, electron configuration, and valence electrons
• How to find the electron configuration for any atom?

FAQ

How many electron shells a Magnesium Bohr model contains?

Electron shells also called energy levels, you can find the number of electron shells for an element by knowing its period number in the periodic table. The elements or atoms in the first period of the periodic table have one energy level or one electron shell, same as, the elements in the second period have two energy levels or two-electron shells, and so on… So, the Magnesium atom belongs to the 3rd Period in the periodic table, hence, the number of electron shells for the Bohr model of Magnesium will be 3 (K-shell, L-shell, and M-shell).

What is the outer shell of the Bohr diagram of the Magnesium atom?

The outermost shell also called the valence shell, which contains the valence electrons of the atom. According to the Bohr diagram of Magnesium, the outer shell is M-shell which contains only two valence electrons.

Properties of Magnesium

1. It appears as shiny gray solid and tarnishes slightly when exposed to air.
2. Among all alkaline earth metals, it has the lowest boiling and melting point.
3. It has a hexagonal close-packed crystal structure.
4. It is paramagnetic in nature.
5. It is highly flammable and can produce a brilliant white light.

Summary

• The Bohr model of Magnesium(Mg) is drawn with three electron shells, the first shell contains 2 electrons, the second shell contains 8 electrons and the third shell contains 2 electrons.
• Magnesium is neutral and its atomic number is 12, hence, the number of protons and electrons available for its Bohr diagram is also 12.
• The number of neutrons for the Bohr diagram of Magnesium can be found by subtracting the number of protons from the atomic mass(rounded to the nearest whole).
• The electron configuration of Magnesium in terms of the shell is [2, 8, 2], or in normal form, it is [Ne] 3s².