Is GaH3 polar or nonpolar? – Polarity of GaH3
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The question is –
Is GaH3 polar or non-polar?
Answer:
⇒ GaH3 is a non-polar molecule.
Explanation:
Gallium trihydride (GaH3) is a symmetrical trigonal planar molecule.
The dipole moments of three individually polar Ga-H bonds get canceled uniformly to yield an overall non-polar molecule (net µ = 0).
GaH3 is composed of three Ga-H bonds, one on each of the molecules.
Each Ga-H bond is weakly polar as a specific electronegativity difference of 0.39 units exists between the single-covalently bonded gallium (E.N = 1.81) and hydrogen (E.N = 2.20) atoms.
Thus, each Ga-H bond possess a specific dipole moment value (symbol µ).
The central Ga-atom gains a partial positive (δ+) charge, while each terminal H-atom gains a partial negative charge (δ-) in GaH3.
However, there is no lone pair of electrons on the central Ga-atom, so the GaH3 molecule occupies a symmetrical trigonal planar shape and molecular geometry.
The net dipole moment of two downwards-pointing Ga-H bonds gets canceled equally with that of the dipole moment of an upwards-pointing Ga-H bond.
The charged electron cloud stays uniformly distributed; hence, GaH3 is overall non-polar.
Also, check –
⇒ How to identify polar or nonpolar compounds?
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